中译英

狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒(RV)引起，以侵犯中枢神经系统和脑炎症状为特点的急性人兽共患传染病，是全球病死率最高的急性传染病之一，一旦感染发病，死亡率几乎高达100％。该病广泛分布于亚、非、欧、美等各大洲，严重威胁人畜的健康^[1]。近年来，我国人狂犬病发病和死亡人数呈上升趋势，自2003年以来，发病例数均超过2000例。RV基因组为单股不分节段的负链RNA，由11928 ～ 11 932 个核苷酸组成，含5种结构蛋白基因编码序列，依次为核蛋白（Ｎ）、磷酸化蛋白（Ｐ）、基质蛋白（Ｍ）、糖蛋白（Ｇ）和转录酶蛋白（Ｌ）^[2]。由于狂犬病毒核蛋白基因（Ｎ）具有较高的保守性，该基因常被用作ＲＶ的诊断、基因分型、地域特征、病毒起源、宿主转换等时空进化分析^[3]。

狂犬病的流行一般出现在野生动物中间，通过家养动物波及人类，所以家养动物是野生动物狂犬病和人类狂犬病的联系环节。我国在动物狂犬病的报道中大多数以犬为主，牛羊狂犬病例报道相对较少^[4]。1976年新疆首次报道牛狂犬病^［5］。本文对新疆羊疑似狂犬病料应用特异性核蛋白基因（Ｎ）的RT-PCR方法进行实验室诊断，通过分子生物学技术获得该病料中病毒的全基因序列，基于Ｎ基因序列对其进行遗传进化关系分析，以了解新疆狂犬病病原流行地域特征，为狂犬病防控提供科学依据。

  Rabies is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by rabies virus (RV), which is characterized by central nervous system involvement and symptoms of encephalitis. Rabies is one the of most lethal acute infectious diseases globally, the mortality of which can almost reach as high as 100%. Extensively distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe and America, rabies poses a great threat to the health of human beings and animals ^[1]. China has witnessed a rise of incidence and mortality of rabies in recent years, with the yearly number of onset exceeding 2,000  since 2003. RV genome of non-segmented negative-strand RNA is composed of 11,928-11,932 nucleotides which encode 5 structural proteins. They are nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrixprotein (M), glycoprotein (G) and transcriptase (L) ^[2]. Due to high conservativeness, N gene is commonly used for diagnosis, genotyping, analysis of regional characteristics, origin of viruses, and shift of RV hosts^[3].

   Rabies is most prevalent among wild animals and spreads from domestic animals to humans. Thus, domestic animals serve as the crucial link of spread from wild animals to human beings. Rabies in dogs is more frequently reported in China compared with rabies in cattle and sheep ^[4]. Xinjiang first reported rabies in cattle in 1976 ^[5]. In this study, laboratory diagnosis of rabies was made in Xinjiang sheep through RT-PCR of N gene, for which the whole-genome sequence was obtained. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on N gene sequence, so as to understand the epidemiological features of rabies in Xinjiang Sheep and to formulate control and prevention measures.